Friday, 27 August 2004

Garden bird log for Garston, Hertfordshire



This is a log of the more interesting species and bird behaviours seen and heard in and from a suburban garden on Goodrich Close, Garston, Watford, Hertfordshire, England (map). The garden is in a large area of semi-detached and terraced former council housing. The nearest open ground is 500m to the north-west, and receding, the nearest patches of "wood" are at the Harebreaks Nature Reserve 500m south and in the cemetry half a mile to the east and the nearest open water is the Grand Union Canal/River Gade 1 mile to the west.

Annotated species list
Detailed records (spreadsheets)


2004

We finally moved out of the house on 6 August, with a Linnet over being the last bird of note. The same species was seen over our new garden in Longniddry, East Lothian, (375 miles north) later the same day. More info on the new garden in new log here.

On 2 August and finch-like passerine over high NE calling a bright high "chup" was almost certainly a Common Crossbill. Later a Hobby hurtled over the garden in pursuit of something.

The Sparrowhawk successfully grabbed one of the juv Starlings now at large in the area, 18 July.

Little Owl activity continued into July with bird calling at 03:30hrs and 05:00hrs on 3 July. A new record count of 35+ House Sparrows the same day - they seem to appreciate the allotment-like patches at the ends of gardens which have been left to run wild, either through negligence or in our case, deliberately.

28 mainly juv House Sparrows in our buddlea on 27 June was a very similar number to the 2001 mid-summer peak, suggesting that the population is healthy and stable.

Noisy Little Owl(s) again at 01:00hrs on both 3 and 4 June, and several other dates thereafter.

Robins have bred successfully yet again; found presumed nest in greenhouse under a shelf - right under my nose! Also, young Blue Tits at point of fledging on 27 May.

Good run continues with calling Little Owl at 03:30hrs on 5 May. Still never seen by day.

Another Common Buzzard over SW on 3 May - part of upsurge in records of this species (reminiscent of situation in my Scottish garden in 1990 as species expanded in numbers/range).

2 Common Buzzard thermalling high to N on 2 May was only second record of this species and perhaps migrants? Interesting that one was reportedover Regent's Park in central London the same day - definitely a migrant.

Swifts and House Martins back on 1 May, 14 of the latter.

Little Owl calling 1.40hrs on 23 April.

First ever spring Jay SW over on 12 April.

Blackbird in continuous battle over nest site in leylandii with marauding Magpie 10-12 April. Wren and Blue Tit both gathering moss off lawn for nests 10 April; but no Goldcrest this year.

For fourth spring in a row male Blackcap has taken up residence in garden, on 4 April. In previous years stayed between 1 day and 2 weeks between 23 March and 21 April.

Yet more Cormorants with singles on 4 April and 28 March.

Just over a year after first record of Song Thrush actually in the garden another was recorded, this time in song, on 3 April. Song is normally heard regularly during first half of year (see spreadsheets), but usually very remote. In addition, Mistle Thrush now heard in song daily from distant cemetry trees - perhaps "overlooked" in previous years as it's resident there.

Little Owl making noise again at 23.40hrs on 20 March after 15 week gap.

Early on 13 March a remarkable coincidence with a Great Spotted Woodpecker and a Cormorant in the same field of view flying S over our house, though the latter was at quite a height.

Fat female Blackcap perched in buddlea with Spuggies on 4 March - earliest record of this species here, which showed last year from 23 March but in previous years only in April and autumn.

On 10 February followed a Mute Swan in flight over the A405 about 2 miles from near my workplace to very near home, but just missed it from the garden.

A male Green Woodpecker feeding on our neighbour's lawn on 1 February was the first down in the gardens since one fed on our own lawn on 13 January 2000 - perhaps the same bird?

Only species of interest on my RSPB Big Garden Birdwatch was a Grey Heron, with Chaffinch unusually on peanut feeder with sparrows.

Single Rook back inspecting nests on 24 January.

240 Lapwing high over SE, 23 January - presumably having visited Leavesden airfield but none there an hour previously.

Magpie nest-building on 18 January.

A Blackbird was in full song at 2.50am on 11 January.

A good start to the new year with the first definite Stock Dove for the garden over W on 10 January - species 65 and number 6 on my target list.

2003

[Overview of the year 2003 - with reference to "Yearly comparisons" in linked spreadsheet

A total of 55 species were recorded with 7 new for the garden (Cormorant, Red Kite, Common Buzzard, Redshank, Sandwich Tern, Sand Martin and Little Owl). The last-mentioned was actually recorded in 8 weeks. The frequency of occurence of Sparrowhawk, Goldcrest and Coal Tit was significantly higher than in previous years with the last two species resident in autumn and Starlings reached a new autumn high of 400. Song Thrush and Chaffinch maintained their long term rise whilst House Sparrow numbers are holding up and stable (perhaps due to feeding). On the other hand, records of Skylark reached a new low as the airfield is developed, Herring Gull frequency was down, Goldfinch numbers were very low with no more than one seen and for the first time there were no Siskins at all.]

Pics of some obliging Fieldfares as we left for Christmas on 19 December. While we were away Waxwings turned up just around the corner!

Good numbers of both House Sparrow (30+) and Starlings (50+) visiting the garden at present. The songs of the latter are such a joy and I frequently contribute the characteristic high descending whistle to the medley and invariably get a mimiced response from the flock. They also always tip me off on the Sparrowhawk though I sometimes don't actually see it myself. They normally go up when the alarm is raised but if too late freeze and stay put - recently the hawk came in low on the owl bush where the flock were lurking keeping a low profile, just at the last minute doing a sudden 180 degree turn and plunging in to the sound of much squawking, but emerging empty-clawed. Here's a bird on the lookout and in song in our Leylandii:

  

More mutterings from the owl on 9 and 12 December.

Owl calling again at 3am on 7 December - for over two minutes continuous very close to the house; possible to hear softer barking sounds too - seems more appropriate for Barn Owl than Little Owl but surely the same bird. The plot thickens...

On both 29 November (1am) and 2 December (11pm) a loud commotion heard from a dense tree just by our house which, apart from a kind of shrieking noise, also had "kek-kek-kek" notes reminiscent of the Little Owl. On latter date may have been two individuals and I wonder if they are using the tree as a roost. A mystery on our very doorstep!

3 Canada Geese low SW directly over on 15 November - first since September 2002.

5 Lapwing high SW at dusk on 1 November - perhaps from Leavesden airfield.

As seen in previous years flocks of Fieldfares progressing steadily west observed "falling out of the sky" as they spotted our local berry bushes - 24 over on 25 October. Later, a single Curlew SW over Leavesden Airfield, viewed from my car not far from home, would probably have been visible from our garden.

Grey Wagtail, Great Spotted Woodpecker and Jay on 21 October.

First Fieldfare on 20 October coincided with a general arrival in the area.

Little Owl very vocal again at 1am on 15 October - first record since June.

Kestrel low over directly SE on 11 October.

On 9 October a large-ish raptor was glimpsed as it passed low west, but into the sun and then immediately hidden from view; most likely just a Common Buzzard but could not exclude a harrier sp - "one that got away" :(

First Redwing over on 6 October. Starlings reached 400. This is the most I've seen here, but the history books record a roost of a million individuals at nearby Abbotts Langley in 1974!

Significant westerly Wood Pigeon passage commenced on 4 October; in more careful observation of local movements at dawn and dusk have found numbers of over 500 birds per hour (NE at dawn, reverse at dusk - presumably birds from Whippendell Woods area moving out into fields N of M25 to feed during the day); these counts now included in spreadsheets on this site as hourly rates in red font.

On 1 October 2 Jays visited our oak tree to stock up on acorns. Followed a nut-carrying Rook (see below) to an area at edge of Leavesden airfield 850m west of the walnut tree where 35+ corvids were gathered. One bird placed a nut on the roadway but removed it when a vehicle came into sight, so it seems they are taking the nuts there to break on the road and perhaps cache nearby.

On 30 September more Swallows through low SW following the autumn's fouth decent group of House Martins through yesterday. The Jay removed a crop-full of acorns from the tiny oak at the foot of our garden. The area's now heaving with Starlings, over 300 present, and fine sight of 200 mobbing the poor local juv Sparrowhawk.

Over last few days Rooks have been seen flying over toward Leavesden airfield carrying round objects in their beaks; on 27 September traced the origin to a walnut tree on the local rec (opposite end from the nests depicted below) - several birds were gathered busy trying to break into collected nuts in "Nuthatch fashion" with nut held by the feet; those seen dispersing with nuts in their beaks are presumably caching them for the winter ahead. BWP does list walnut as a locally important food source. Perhaps of interest here is the fact that each round trip to the airfield must be over 1000m, probably nearer 2km; considering the energy expended in such a trip, the walnut must indeed be highly prized!

 

First Jay of the autumn on 24 September, with Meadow Pipits and Linnet over.

A delightful addition to our avifauna over past 3 months (i.e. postbreeding) has been Coal Tit - formerly a very scarce visitor, but a family now seen daily.

On 22 September one of our regular Chiffchaffs heard calling with a down-slurred disyllabic call. Though this type of call is given by eastern (and Iberian) Chiffchaff races/species, an alternative explanation is that it's a first-year bird "finding its voice"...

On 19 September (on returning home from the hospital after birth of our first child!) was delighted to hear the unmistakable calls of a group of Sandwich Terns heading south over our house at 11.15pm - species 64 for the garden and a good record for Herts! [NB - the following day, this species suddenly cropped up at various inland locations including Stewartby (Beds), Walthamstow Resrs (N London) and Wentworth (S Yorks)]

First Great Spotted Woodpecker of the autumn on 14 September.

On 13 September Sand Martin was added to the garden list - species 62 - with a single over south. Returning home in the afternoon with a new pair of (2nd hand) bins was first able to test the short focus on our regular returning Chiffchaff, just arrived, then whilst watching hawking hirundines to the north picked up a Common Buzzard thermalling high up - species 63 for the garden and the first on my target list!

30 August continued the good trend for raptors with the 5th Sparrowhawk for the week and distant Kestrel over airfield.

On 25 August a late Swift popped up and a couple of minutes later the first Swallow of the autumn swept past confirming that it was part of a southerly movement.

21 mainly juv House Sparrow in our buddlea on 20 August was the peak summer count, but almost exactly half of our summer peak in year 2000.

Species 2 on my target list fell on 12 August with a Red Kite thermalling high over Leavesden Airfield to the north - species 61 for the garden. I obtained this record shot:

The insect equivalent of a raptor, a Common aeshna (Hawker/Dragonfly) buzzed the butterflies on our buddlea this evening (6 August).

On 3 August 22 Common Swifts gathered high over our garden to say farewell after another good breeding season. [Later, on 16 August, 7 more were seen, but presumably of more northerly origin].

Butterfly numbers have steadily increased since our buddlea bloomed in late June. It's now nearly finished but 25+ butterflies on it today (2 August) - most of Small Tortoiseshell but 6 Painted Lady's. Attracted one Dragonfly (Common Sympetrum).

Green Woodpecker calling 26 July - third record following one on 9 August last year and one January 2000.

Excited to record my first ever flock of Mistle Thrushes for this garden - in flight over on 19 July! A common garden species in many areas, but round here is apparently very reluctant to wander as I know of regular resident birds in many more open areas nearby (as close as 500m east).

At 2am on 10 July the melancholy call of a Redshank rang out as a bird moved SE over our house - species 60 for the garden and number 38 on my recent target list!

On 5 July there were 150+ Summer Chafers in sight and managed to catch one:

The now familiar voice of the Little Owl heard during heavy rain 1.30am on 30 June.

I don't know much about insects but could not help but notice 50-100 Summer Chafers buzzing high round the conifers in our garden - late June (originally identified as Cockchafers!).

Skylark in song over airfield on 27 June - but will we hear it next year after further development there?

The first returning Black-headed Gull was very early on 20 June. The autumn passage begins!

First family parties of Long-tailed, Great and Blue Tits through on 6 June.

Little Owl calling again just after midnight on 4 June. Found another recording for this species on Northamptonshire Wildlife Sound Gallery (in addition to my Collins Bird Song CD and Birdguides CD) including an "alarm" which is an exact match - therefore Little Owl now becomes a definite, though somewhat unexpected, new bird for the garden - species 59! Prepared a revised target list of the birds needed for 100 species...

Purple Heron?

"Left home before 4am on 31 May to see if I could track down the owl at the local Harebreaks Nature Reserve 300m to the south of our house on the other side of the A41. No luck, but found a mural there by local schoolchildren illustrating the reserve inhabitants including Tawny and Little Owls and also Linnet, Great Spotted and Green Woodpeckers and Nuthatch. This must be accurate as the last four species were there alright, but no owls!

Whilst waiting for the House Sparrows to awaken so that I could commence my BTO tetrad survey I was sitting at the edge of the Leggatts campus playing field when I was alerted by an unsual harsh call "wrrech" at 4.22am. Hoping for an owl, I looked up to see a heron species moving WNW at c. 30m altitude. Though the light was not brilliant it appeared all dark and it did not have the usual jizz of a Grey Heron. It called again one more time before I lost sight of it, and the call seemed rather higher pitched than that of Grey Heron and less "heavy". Moreover, in the brief view that I had I particularly noted that the neck shape looked off for Grey Heron too as the keel seemed to jut forward in a distinctive angular fashion. Unaware of the real significance of this, and of the rather different call, but aware that the bird I'd just seen did not seem to be a Grey Heron, I headed for home to check my field guide. This only seemed to confirm my suspicions - it was surely a Purple Heron - and I realised that with lack of a proper plumage description this one was destined to be another great bird "that got away". I checked out the local Grove Mill to no avail, but being a skulking species that was not great surprise. I later headed for the Tring reservoirs, but there's a lot of reedbed there to hide in. Let's hope it turns up somewhere else soon!"

NB - this individual would have been visible from our garden and would have supplanted Serin as the best bird on our garden list!

Postscript: a Purple Heron was reported from Ditchford, a pit by the Nene N of Rushden at 11.30 am the same morning. Ditchford lies about 50 miles NNW of where I saw the bird...

Rooks feeding juveniles on local playing fields on 30 May - probably from nests shown below.

Owl calling "kip-kip-kip" again 12.30am on 30 May. The more I hear it the less I can imagine that it is a Tawny and if it's Little it seems odd that it does not employ any call other than alarm. However, I wonder if it has been attracted by the persistent night-time calling of our neighbour's Cockatiel...

The owl was calling again at 11pm on 28 May, this time from right outside the house and glimpsed in flight. Call a loud "kip, kip, kip" repeated three times from a perch, pure in tone, of intermediate pitch (much lower than GSW but similarly loud) with last syllable a fraction lower, still seems to best match Little Owl!

A couple of Grey Herons over N on 10 May was the first "flock" of this species seen.

Another Cormorant flew over E at 6am on 9 May.

An owl species was heard at 1am on 27 April "kvik kvik kvik kvik" (cf 23 March entry), again sounding rather like Little Owl!

Female Blackcap in ivy berry bush 21 April - first female seen in garden - but male now gone.

The first Swallow showed up on the same Saturday as last year - 19 April. Delighted to find our Collared Doves (below) building a nest in the pine immediately outside our front door!

Wren and Goldcrest also seem to be breeding locally and present daily. Rooks are still incubating on three nests nearby:

 

Last sighting of the male Blackcap was on 5 April. First overhead Linnet of the spring today, later than usual.

A Song Thrush bathing in our pond on 26 March (amongst the frog spawn) was the first seen actually in the garden since we moved in over 3 years ago!

re the Blackcap (re)found on 23 March (below) - it's the bush - bird seen munching abundant ivy berries there (26 March). The same individual exploiting a favoured food source may therefore be responsible for the spring sightings in the last three years and records of singing males on 6 October 2001 and 3 July 2002.

At 11pm on 23 March a loud "kick k-vick ... kick kick kick kick" call was heard from a bird moving west overhead - most likely a Tawny Owl, but Little Owl alarm call could not be ruled out...

On 23 March a male Blackcap sang from the same bush where one held territory in the 2nd week of April 2001. Could this be the same bird, which showed last year only on 21 April, or is it just a good bush?

First northward-bound Meadow Pipits of the spring over on 15 March - the same Saturday as last year.

30 Redwings E on 3 March the first evidence of a return passage.

On 1 March Rooks were back at the small rookery we can see from our front window - consisting of only three nests in one tree!

On 15 February, a female Kestrel directly over the house was the first since autumn 2001. Our resident pair of Magpies cached a plate peanuts by burying them in the ground.

The most interesting observations during early February were bird behaviour associated with the hard weather (snow) - the Wood Pigeon sitting on our bird table eating bread (7/2) and the Magpie caching a piece of bread by carefully burying it in the snow (1/2). Not sure how common either of these behaviours is...

One-hour of intensive garden watching for the RSPB's Big Garden Birdwatch on 26 January produced rather better counts of many species than I log during a normal week. Nothing very exciting in the garden, but 18 House Sparrow was the best count for a while and Goldcrest and 7 Redwing were logged. Overhead, gulls over towards the Hilfield roost (see my local patches page) included 320 Black-headed, 12 Common, 9 Lesser Blackback and a (probable) Yellow-legged.

On Saturday 25 January was able to count Lapwing flock on the nearby disused airfield on the ground and found 195 individuals.

Our male Blackbird joined the distant Song Thrush in full song at dawn, as of 23 January.

175 Lapwings over Leavesden airfield on 17 January - first big flock since 21 January 2000, but still no associated Golden Plover! Magpie busy nest-building.

The latest interesting visitor was not a bird as the following picture sequence shows (click on an image for a larger version):

    

We have seen red foxes before, as solitary animals roving the streets at night. This presumed pair were seen early on the morning of 11 January and remained in situ for over an hour. It was very cold and they appeared to be sunbathing. The spot where they were lurking is the end of a neighbour's garden (see the cloths-pegs in the foreground!), about 60m from the house, but the group of gardens of which ours is a part are completely surrounded by houses and busy families. So it seems quite surprising that they were bold enough to come out like this as there is no significant cover in the area. The presumed male had a bad open scar on his back, but this did not appear to be worrying him.

A Song Thrush was heard singing distantly at dawn on 3 January.

2002

[Overview of the year 2002 - with reference to "Yearly comparisons" in linked spreadsheet

A total of 53 species were recorded with 6 new for the garden (Greylag, Mallard, Nuthatch, Mistle Thrush, Brambling and Crossbill). It was a good year for Grey Wagtail and Meadow Pipit passage was also decent. ]

30 December was a good day despite constant rain with, appropriately, a Cormorant over N - a long anticipated first for this garden! In addition, Lapwings were again seen over the airfield and 80 Rooks passed over from the same location in a roost flock. Our male Blackbird was heard twice in full song, in the pouring rain, at midday. A small flock of Redwings still present and very visible circling the area.

Low coverage recently due to business travelling but plenty of thrushes moving - Redwings E in small flocks at over 200 birds per hour on 14 December. Also 20 Lapwings over the disused airfield to the N.

Unlike Redwings which are present daily on any red berries, Fieldfares are less regular, so 40 over E in two flocks on 23 November were noteworthy.

Away in Nigeria 8-18 November during which time compiled a garden bird list for my wife's families "compound" (Annotated species list).

A Nuthatch heard calling at 6.50am on the 4 November was the first for the garden.

On the first of November a small flock of Bramblings flew over W - the first for the garden.

Late October was uneventful but coverage low. Usual influx of Redwings and Blackbirds present daily feasting on red berry crop.

On 18 October 10 Siskins dropped in to feed on birch catkins.

Redwings were back on 10 October, 3 days earlier than last year.

Migrant Grey Wagtails have been seen on a couple of occasions in the last month but always high overhead, so it was interesting to note a single descending to the small playing field 100m E of our house on 30 September. As far as I know, there is are no streams or large ponds in our neighbourhood which might have attracted this bird (there are none on the playing fields anyway) so this must just have been a passing migrant calling in.

After several sightings of single Chiffchaffs from 31 August onwards, two individuals were present in our garden on 29 September, one of which revealed itself to be a male by singing a few times (though conditions were overcast and misty). All sightings have been in company of tit flocks.

Migrants over the weekend of 14-15 September included at least 6 parties of Meadow Pipits and a few more Swallows. A distant Mistle Thrush was the first record (since our arrival in January 2000).

36 Canada Geese low NE directly over our house on 13 September were only second record of this species.

In view of the current irruption of Common Crossbills this species was an eagerly anticipated addition to the garden list. Following a week of intense coverage (due to changing cylinder head gasket on car outside) finally picked up a small flock of these wonderful birds high SW over our house on morning of 8 September!

Things began to liven up a bit into the first week of September with the first Jay of the autumn (31 August), a record 17 Blue Tits through with other tit species and another Grey Wagtail. The first migrant Swallow, a juv which perched on wires outside our house on 5 September (in the same place as last year) was scared off after 5 minutes by a Hobby which whizzed just over its head at a considerable rate of knots!

On the anniversary of our Serin record, spent a few hours in the garden but noted little of interest except a single Grey Wagtail high over to the south. The first Great Spotted Woodpecker of the autumn was recorded the following day (27 August).

The first real migrants of the autumn were 14 Meadow Pipits over due south on Monday 12 August.

A Green Woodpecker was heard calling on Friday 9 August.

The first returning Black-headed Gull was seen on 9 July.

A singing Blackcap on 3 July must have finished breeding, as the species does not breed in our estate.

May and June were very quiet, save for breeding activity, with young Hedge Sparrow, Robin, Blackbird, Blue Tit, Magpie, Carrion Crow, Starling and House Sparrow all present in the garden, and Rooks also breeding locally (in nests in isolated trees). Regarding changes, it is noticeable that Common Swift have had a good breeding season which much more birds around than last year, but House Sparrow are less numerous.

Swallow and Blackcap were logged the weekend of 20-21 April with Common Swift the following weekend.

The first sightings of Greylag Goose and Mallard for the garden were logged in March and April.

The first real migrants of the spring were Meadow Pipits over due north on Saturday 16 March.

With mild weather conditions prevailing in January, preparations for the breeding season got underway early - Song Thrush regularly in song since 19 January, and on 26 January (during the "Big Garden Birdwatch") Skylark seen in song flight 1/2 km to the north and Magpies nest-building (quickly blown away!).

Following the provision of a regular food supply of seeds and nuts from New Year a large increase in the number of birds actually using the garden was observed - an overall increase in numbers by a factor of 3, but a factor of about 10 or more for House Sparrow, Hedge Sparrow and Great Tit and as time progressed, also Collared Dove and Wood Pigeon which were attracted to the spilt seeds. This spreadsheet (requires MS Excel) provides full details of birds recorded in the garden according to the rules of the BTO's "Garden Birdwatch" scheme - showing in detail the effect of feeding.

2001

[Overview of the year 2001 - with reference to "Yearly comparisons" in linked spreadsheet

A total of 49 species were recorded with 11 new for the garden. It was a good year for Great Spotted Woodpeckers but Song Thrush numbers were low. The highlight was a brief Serin. ]

14 passing Fieldfare fell out of the sky to spend one minute feeding on rowan berries on 2 November and a Grey Wagtail flew over on 3 November (first record).

On 29 October, a clear but cold day, Wood Pigeons were observed passing SW in a nearly constant stream, mostly in small flocks (10-20 individuals). Over 650 birds were counted in 30 minutes of observation.

An extremely late Common Redstart was present on 24 October calling in our tiny front garden (first record)!

Purple patch during misty conditions on 13 October 7.45-9.00am saw a total of 26 species, including migrants: 2 Fieldfare and 4 Redwing S, 6 Meadow Pipit, 6 Goldfinch, Siskin and 120 Wood Pigeon.

Several migrant Meadow Pipits, Swallows and House Martins were seen in September and October. A Blackcap was in song on 6 October.

The first Jay of the autumn was seen on 20 September.

Chiffchaff passed through with tit flock including Long-tailed, Great and Blue on 7 September.

A Serin was heard calling to NW (in the vicinity of the tallest tree in the area, a birch) at 9.30am on 26 August and soon after seen flying over in bouncing erratic flight (cf. Linnet or Siskin) flying off to the NE, calling (singly at short intervals) "tzzuuupp". This small continental finch species has only been recorded in Hertfordshire on a handful of occasions. A male of the species, most likely the same bird, was seen in Watford town centre on the following Wednesday.8 Canada Geese were seen flying NW on the same date (also a first record).

The first Great Spotted Woodpecker of the autumn was heard calling on 13 August.

10+ Long-tailed Tits passed through the garden twice in early August, with Blue Tits and Great Tits.

A Hobby whizzed through the garden just below the "treeline" on 28 July (first record) and a flock of 100 Black-headed Gulls flew over towards the local roost (Hilfield - see my local patches page) at 8pm on 31 July.

House Sparrows had a good breeding season with the second brood at large during 2nd week of June.

During May, the Skylark was heard in song over airfield and Song Thrush also heard singing distantly when conditions were still. A slowworm was seen.

On 11 April a male Blackcap took up residence in the garden, and was heard singing (and seen eating ivy berries) until 14 April. Linnets were seen on several occasions in April.

A Chiffchaff was in song on 24 March.

During January up to 8 Redwings were frequently seen. Magpies were obvious with 11 together on 20 January

2000

Several Goldcrests, Jays and a migrant Meadow Pipit were seen in September/October.

Between July and September 10+ Long-tailed Tits moved through the garden on a number of occasions, usually in company of other species.

House Sparrows had a good breeding season and 35 individuals in our buddlea on 13 August included only a single adult male.

The first Black-headed Gull was back on 8 July.

The first Common Swift was seen on 6 May.

A Skylark was heard in song over airfield to N at the end of April.

170 Lapwings were seen over the airfield to the N on 21 January.

6 Linnet were seen feeding on the path opposite front of our house and a Green Woodpecker was feeding on our lawn on 13 January.


Sunday, 27 June 2004

Bird list for Grove Mill, Watford, Hertfordshire



This is a list of the species I've seen by the Grand Union canal/River Colne on the Grove Estate north of Grove Mill, Watford, Hertfordshire, England, and nearby.





  1. Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) - a single lonely resident when I started watching the area; joined by a second bird on 15 March 2003, and 2 pairs present in early April - nest building; extremely secretive during summer months but 3 adults, with 2 juvs, all squabbling, on 25 August 2003 confirmed breeding success! Subsequently 6 birds remained during the autumn with all still present on the last day of the year; 4 birds still present end of March 2004
  2. Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) - a single on pond N of road to Grove Mansion on 25 April 2004 was the first record, subsequently moving to the main pool
  3. Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) - often seen overhead, perched high in tall canal-side trees or fishing in canal or on large pool at dawn - up to 15
  4. Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) - resident in small numbers; fishes from canal bank and on large pool
  5. Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)- resident; numbers high in spring 2002 with gathering of non-breeders (c.20); pair which successfully reared two young in 2002 are colour-ringed (male: "Albert" VSS-white - ringer from Oxford; female: "Victoria" 7GA-blue - ringer from Hemel) but I've not obtained any information about their origin; nesting again north of road bridge 2003 - female still incubating 6 eggs 23 April; on 5 May young had hatched but only one surviving; observed remarkable behaviour with pair driven from the fen area by a new (unringed) pair, the male of which vigorously attacked the cynet and original female, driving the latter under the water; by 6 June, only female still present - mate was never seen again - and intruding pair still defending territory, driving her off! Female not seen subsequently until 9 April 2004, when nest-building with a new mate, and on eggs by 25 April, but nest later abandoned, presumed predated
  6. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) - several birds normally present, breeds; post-breeding gathering reached over 80 birds early October 2003 with a single hybrid individual of some sort
  7. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) - common resident, with c. 50 birds in late summer, including juveniles; breeds
  8. Mandarin (Aix galericulata) - single male low over fields (probably from large pool) mid-March 2003
  9. Teal (Anas crecca) - uncommon visitor
  10. Shoveler (Anas clypeata) - uncommon visitor, max 4 males, 2 females early spring 2003
  11. Gadwall (Anas strepera) - uncommon visitor, with a pair resident early spring 2004
  12. Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula)- uncommon visitor; pair still present April-June 2003 may have attempted to breed but absent by August; 7 birds (4 drakes) present 25 April 2004 possibly breeding again
  13. Red Kite (Milvus milvus) - single over Leavesden airfield August 2003 would have been visible from the site
  14. Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo)- single hunting low over fields to W of the fen at dawn on 13 June 2004; also seen on a number of occasions over adjacent Leavesden airfield
  15. Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) - occasional
  16. Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) - a pair often seen hunting over fields and up to 4 birds seen together over wood
  17. Hobby (Falco subbuteo) - a single in June 2002 nearly collided with me pursuing Goldfinches before moving off following Swifts
  18. Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) - a single female by canal on 31 January 2004; can be heard calling in adjacent woodland
  19. Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) - resident, up to 20 individuals; breeds
  20. Coot (Fulica atra) - common resident, up to 20 individuals; breeds
  21. Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) - single in spring 2002
  22. Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) - occasional singles/pairs and 25 over on 16 October 2003 which did not settle
  23. Curlew (Numenius arquata) - a single over adjacent Leavesden airfield on 25 October 2003
  24. Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) - single in autumn 2002 and single adult on 31 August 2003
  25. Green Sandpiper (Tringa ochropus) - single on 4 October 2002; at least two birds in 2003 with a single juv on 25 August, another individual on 31 August and a single still there on 13 September
  26. Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) - occasionally seen on large pool in winter
  27. Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) - occasional singles or pairs along canal
  28. Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) - up to 200 regular on the large pool
  29. Common Gull (Larus canus) - up to 30 regular with Black-headed Gulls on the large pool
  30. Lesser Blackback (Larus fuscus) - occasionally overhead
  31. Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) - occasionally overhead
  32. Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) - small flocks commonly observed over nearby woods
  33. Stock Dove (Columba oenas) - small flocks commonly observed over nearby woods
  34. Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) - heard calling in the neighbourhood at dawn and dusk; breeds nearby - single juv present June 2003
  35. Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)- may have bred in area 2003 - 3 birds present at large pool in summer; regularly seen fishing at the large pool; pair seen on road embankment near bee hives in spring 2004
  36. Common Swift (Apus apus) - common summer visitor
  37. Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis) - occasionally heard calling in nearby woodland; sometimes feeding on canal path
  38. Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) - regularly heard calling and drumming in nearby woodland
  39. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor) - a calling male in the large lime N ponds to N of road to Grove Estate house, flying off W to woods N of house, 27 March 2004; the same morning but 1.5hrs earlier another calling male in top of a lime in the avenue leading S from Grove Mill, about 800m SSW of the first location and probably a different bird
  40. Swallow (Hirundo rustica) - common summer visitor and passage migrant
  41. House Martin (Delichon urbica)- common summer visitor and passage migrant; breeds in housing estate to east; at least 40 birds present post-breeding summer 2003
  42. Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) - uncommon passage migrant
  43. Skylark (Alauda arvensis) - scarce resident, breeding on estate land to SW and on airfield to NE
  44. Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis) - scarce resident and passage migrant; max 14 birds feeding in long grass, January 2004
  45. Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba) - uncommon resident
  46. Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) - common resident, at least two pairs bred 2002; feeds on canal bank and around large pool; bred successfully again in 2004
  47. Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) - common resident, breeds
  48. Hedge Sparrow (Prunella modularis) - resident in small numbers
  49. Robin (Erithacus rubecula) - common resident, breeds
  50. Blackbird (Turdus merula) - common resident, breeds
  51. Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) - occasional winter visitor
  52. Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) - common resident, breeds
  53. Redwing (Turdus iliacus) - regular autumn and winter visitor
  54. Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) - resident in small numbers
  55. Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus)- held territory on canal bank at tiny fen just north of A41-M25 link road bridge 2002; back there on 5 May 2003 but subsequently moved to large pool; two territorial birds at large pool in June 2004
  56. Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) - summer visitor, several pairs breed
  57. Common Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) - summer visitor, 2+ territorial pairs in 2002 but breeding area scrub now eliminated by estate; singing male still present at Grove Estate bridge with at least three birds on the A41-M25 link road embankment in May-June 2004
  58. Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) - single in spring in the hawthorn hedge
  59. Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) - uncommon summer visitor, from mid-March; numbers boosted by migrants latter in summer, reaching well into double figures
  60. Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) - uncommon passage migrant; 2 singing birds on 25 April 2004, one in willows on island and other N of A41-M25 link road bridge opposite fen
  61. Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata)- uncommon visitor, seen in tall trees at The Wharfs and by the Grove Mill itself, but seems not to be a regular resident breeder
  62. Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) - regular visitor/resident
  63. Coal Tit (Parus ater) - occasional in winter with other tits
  64. Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) - resident
  65. Great Tit (Parus major) - resident, breeds, e.g. in drainhole under road bridge
  66. Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) - uncommon visitor; single with tit flock at "The Wharfs", late August 2003
  67. Jay (Garrulus glandarius) - occasional visitor; 2 pairs in territorial dispute at Grove Mill itself 5 May 2003
  68. Magpie (Pica pica) - common resident
  69. Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) - commonly observed overhead throughout the year
  70. Rook (Corvus frugilegus) - commonly observed overhead throughout the year
  71. Carrion Crow (Corvus corone) - resident in small numbers; regular individuals present daily throughout the year
  72. Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) - fairly scarce resident, but at least one pair nests in a tree hole on the estate and small groups often roam the area; occasionally roosts in hedge by large pool
  73. Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) - common resident, breeds
  74. Greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) - resident, breeds
  75. Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) - resident, often seen around the large pool, breeds; peak number 25 with Siskins 17 October 2003
  76. Siskin (Carduelis spinus) - common winter visitor, frequenting riverbank alders; absent in summer
  77. Lesser Redpoll (Carduelis flammea) - uncommon visitor
  78. Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) - scarce resident, one pair often seen in canal-side hawthorn hedge
  79. Linnet (Carduelis cannabina) - regular visitor in small numbers, most frequently on the embankment N of large pool
  80. Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) - occasional visitor in small numbers; territorial pair at large pool 2003 with 2+ juvs seen in August; still in regular song from island in 2004

Sunday, 27 July 2003

Plain-backed Pipits and Long-legged Pipits (Anthus leucophrys/pallidiventris) in Nigeria



This page discusses identification of the Plain-backed and Long-legged Pipits in West Africa. Some video-grab images of birds at IITA, Ibadan, SW Nigeria in November 2002 are shown below, together with pictures from the Plain-backed Pipit skins examined at the Natural History Museum in Tring in July 2003. Please click on thumbnail images for larger versions! Short video clips follow at the foot of the page. NB - all of the field images or movies may be freely used for any non-commercial use, preferably with acknowledgement. All skins images Copyright (c) The Natural History Museum, London.

Description of Plain-backed Pipits (Anthus leucophrys) at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, November 2002

Leucophrys Bird 1:

1: 2:
3: 4:
5: 6:
7:

Leucophrys Bird 2:

1:

Leucophrys Bird 3:

1: 2:
3:

Leucophrys Bird 4:

1: 2:

I was initially puzzled by these pipits (particularly birds 1 and 3) as they did not very well resemble the illustration and description for Anthus leucophrys zenkrii (the "Cameroon Plain-backed Pipit") described in Borrow & Demey (2001) as the Plain-backed Pipit subspecies for "central" to "eastern" West Africa (i.e. south Mali to Ghana, east to CAR); on account of the apparently pale underparts, I suspected at the time that they were in fact more likely of the western races, gouldii (the "Upper Guinea Plain-backed Pipit", for which the distribution is given as "Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ivory Coast", and which is described as "much paler below", or ansorgei (no alternative English name found), which is found in "S Mauritania, Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau" and is "greyer above" relative to gouldii.

On the other hand, birds 1 and 3 were clearly associating with birds which matched the depiction of the zenkrii race quite well, with darker buff-coloured bellies tinged with cinnamon (i.e. Birds 2 and 4 above).

Leucophrys Bird 1
Looking more closely at the first set of images, these clearly show a noticeably pale-bellied bird with other interesting plumage features to note. Firstly, the bird seems to be an adult on account of the lack of narrow whitish fringes on the upperpart feathers and coverts. However, the buff fringe is quite light, with no trace of "cinnamon" - illustrated for example in image 5. Zenkrii race birds are supposed to show "blackish-brown feathers broadly tipped and edged cinnamon", whereas gouldii has "with less cinnamon on wings". Secondly, the moustachial and malar stripes are described as "rather indistinct" by Borrow & Demey but in the field the malar strip stood out to me as distinct, marked and dark (cf. Image 3), though the moustachial stripe was not so on any of the birds. Thirdly, the breast-streaking was not particularly distinct and marked - this is perhaps the main feature in support of a zenkeri ID as "indistinct streaking" is characteristic of this race, by contrast with the more definite markings of gouldii and ansorgei. This difference is particularly clear by comparison with these presumed ansorgei birds from The Gambia (which also have distinct malar stripes!):

[Pictures kindly supplied by John Ovenden and Jim Rose, respectively]

Leucophrys Bird 2
This individual was with Bird 1 but was significantly darker below. I assumed that this was a zenkeri race bird, though there was still some paleness about the underparts.

Leucophrys Bird 3
This bird was similar to Bird 1 and also puzzling. Unfortunately the images are not as good as for Bird 1 as it was obscured by some grasses. However, it again showed a distinct dark malar stripe (Image 1), a very uniformly plain back (Image 2), darker coverts (Image 3) and faint breast-spotting (Image 4). Again, the bird was consorting with an obvious zenkeri race bird (Bird 4).

Leucophrys Bird 4
This last bird was even darker than bird 2 and showed very marked cinnamon fringes on the median coverts. Since it appeared so different to birds 1 and 3, I concluded at the time that this was a definite zenkeri individual, implying that the former weren't. However, after visiting the skin collection at the Natural History Museum I've now revised this opinion, as explained below.

Other field observations
It was noticeable that the birds were always seen as pairs - a characteristic of this species (Phil Hall, personal communication). In terms of behaviour, all of the birds shown wagged their tails very frequently. I thought that their typical calls might be transcribed as a fairly soft "chirrup" though I also noted a soft mono-syllabic "sweep" on occasion. Tail wagging is not much help in distinguishing between these and similar pipit species (see below), never mind subspecies, and neither is the call.

Other subspecies?
A total of nine Plain-backed Pipit subspecies are listed on Giles Mulholland's African species list. Another possibility considered earlier was that the pale birds were of the subspecies bohndorffi (the "Congo Plain-backed Pipit" or "Uganda Plain-backed Pipit", with alternative scientific name: A. l. prunus) described in Borrow & Demey as "similar (to zenkerii) but underparts paler". The range for this subspecies is suggested to be SE Gabon and Congo, within the West African region (clearly also including Uganda outside the region!). Neither the ansorgei or bohndorffi subspecies are illustrated in Borrow & Demey.

I was initially unable to find a single image of any of the above subspecies on the internet, though I've since noted one ansorgei race bird picture posted on the World Bird Gallery site. [Many thanks to John Ovenden for subsequently sending me the additional picture from Gambia and to Jim Rose who allowed me to use the image in his Gambia trip report of Jan 2003, source of the World Bird Gallery picture mentioned above.] The African Bird Image Database launched in August 2005 also included this this picture of a bird at Lekki in 1989 (photo by Ian Nason).

Other species?
The breast-spotting/plain back combination rules out Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris) which in any case is an unlikely possibility due to its more northerly distribution in the savannah belt. A further possibility is Long-legged Pipit (Anthus pallidiventris) apparently occurring as near to Nigeria as SW Cameroon but it seemed this species can be ruled out on account of structure. I also initially discounted it due to distribution, but this brings us to the next topic...

Description of presumed Long-legged Pipits (Anthus pallidiventris) at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, November 2002

Pallidiventris Bird 1:

1: 2:
Pallidiventris Bird 2:

1: 2:
3: 4:
5: 6:
7: 8:
9:

I was initially equally confused by these individuals as they appeared structurally different to the birds described above as Plain-backed Pipits yet were seen at the same location by the rice paddies as Birds 3 and 4. I considered an ID as Long-legged Pipit at the time but soon dismissed this due to that fact that the species was not mapped for Nigeria in Borrow & Demey, and also because of confusion with the other pale-bellied birds present - I felt it far more likely that there were all one species exhibiting some variation in plumage.

However, in July 2003 I revisited my video records and made a more detailed study. This revealed the presence of two different individuals (shown above as Pallidiventris Birds 1 and 2) at the same location, apparent as camera panned from one to the other, and also the distinctive harsh call, clearly matching that described for Long-legged Pipit (cf. the softer call of the Plain-backed Pipits).

Looking at the images shown above (Pallidiventris Birds 1 and 2), various other differences can be noted which are consistent with this being a different species. Overall, the plumage is very plain, with a very uniformly-coloured light brown back (see Pallidiventris Bird 1, Image 1, cf. Leucophrys Bird 4, Image 2 above) lacking the clearly contrasting greater coverts and secondaries of the Plain-backed Pipits. Also, the underparts are even paler without the buff on the flanks shown in the paler presumed zenkeri birds (i.e. Leucophrys Birds 1 & 3 above) and the breast spotting is yet fainter too. The eyestripe is very noticeable, being more prominent ahead of the eye than that in the sister species (e.g. Pallidiventris Bird 2, Image 8, cf. Leucophrys Bird 1, Image 3). The malar and moustachial stripes appeared quite similar to those of the Plain-backed Pipits, i.e. the former quite marked and the latter rather indistinct.

Moreover, structurally, the birds seemed to have quite a different jizz, giving the impression of being more lanky. Careful comparison with the Plain-backed Pipit images shows the neck to be distinctly longer and narrower with the beak appearing marginally longer and narrower too (though coloured similarly bright yellow on the lower mandible in both species). The legs also appear longer, particularly the tibia, and are perhaps more yellowish (see Bird 2, Image 5). In the normal stance the belly is clearly deeper giving the impression of a more tapering rear - though it should be noted that the Plain-backed Pipits occasionally puffed out their breast feathers, which could create a misleading impression in a single image (cf. Movie 3 below for Bird 1).

Other field observations
As was noted for the Plain-backed Pipits these birds were clearly a pair. In terms of tail wagging, if anything this was even more frequent than for the Plain-backed Pipits! The most interesting feature though was the distinctive call (which unfortunately did not transmit itself into the movie file - below, presumably due to frequency cut-off). This was a more vigorous "tzip", interspersed by "zip - zip - zip" very reminiscent of the song of Meadow Pipit - and presumed to be the bird's song.

On the basis of these observations, I've now concluded that these two individuals must indeed have been Long-legged Pipits. According to del Hoyo et al (2004) this species "has recently extended its range NW from Gabon to SW Cameroon and two possible sightings in SE Nigeria; expansion possibly a result of deforestation". Hence, if accepted, the above would be the first confirmed record from Nigeria, and notably a few hundred miles NNW of the Cameroon border. I have since heard that the species has also be recorded in 2004 in coastal Benin (via Bob Dowsett, personal communication) so it may be becoming more common in the region than the literature suggests (Postscript, have now prepared an co-authored account with observers of Benin bird, Marc Thibault and Pierre Defos Du Rau, for submission to ABC Bulletin).

Examination of Plain-backed Pipit skins at the Natural History Museum in Tring, July 2003

On 13 July 2003 I made my first visit the skins collections at Tring to research the racially-related plumage variation in Plain-backed Pipit. Access to the collections is free to those engaged in legitimate research, but an appointment must be made in advance. Thanks to Mark Adams for allowing me to visit and showing me round.

The Plain-backed Pipits collection was extensive, with perhaps 500+ specimens, including about 100 zenkeri race birds. The latter were from a range of countries, but most were from Nigeria collected by Dr. William Serle in the 1940s and 1950s. [A few notes on this great West African ornithologist are on this linked page.]

My first impression on looking at the trays for the zenkeri race was the apparent paleness of the underparts of nearly all specimens, for example the following (NB - all video-grab images obtained under natural, not artificial, lighting, and plumage tones not digitally edited):

These are all zenkeri birds, respectively:

  • females from southern Nigeria (image 1)
  • males from southern Nigeria (images 2 and 3)
  • males from northern Nigeria (image 4)
  • individuals from localities east to Sudan/Uganda (image 5)

Underpart colouration on most zenkeri birds seemed to differ little from that of the gouldii and ansorgei individuals and I thought I'd be hard-pressed to tell the difference in the field in most cases. More precise comparisons were made by selecting a zenkeri female and male pair which was as nearly typical as possible (shown in above overviews as the central bird on the left of image 1 and the central bird in image 3, respectively), together with single gouldii (female) and ansorgei (male) individuals which were also mid-range in terms of the paleness of the underparts:

Details of the birds shown are, from left to right:

  1. Zenkeri, female, Brit. Mus. Reg. 1955.59.750, collected by Dr. W. Serle at Enugu on 6/8/1954, "one of two together on the grass runway of the airport at Enugu; insects in stomach; ovary slightly enlarged" [Label front, Label back]
  2. Zenkeri, male, Brit. Mus. Reg. 1955.59.751, collected by Dr. W. Serle at Enugu on 6/12/1954, "a single bird in a tree in farmland in savannah; insects in stomach; testes slightly enlarged"
  3. Gouldii, female, Brit. Mus. Reg. 1923.11.12.287, collected by W.P. Lowes & H.R. Hardy at Beoumi, Ivory Coast on 12/12/1922
  4. Ansorgei, male, Brit. Mus. Reg. 1910.5.6.1245, collected by Dr. W.J. Ansorge at Gunnal, Portugese Guinea, on 15/12/1909

The first photo shows that the difference in underparts colouration is very marginal, though the zenkeri race birds are if anything the darker, as expected. The second photo, of the same birds, shows that the upperparts are also very similar in shade, though the zenkeri female is clearly slightly lighter. I could discern no difference between this particular zenkeri male and the gouldii and ansorgei birds.

Notwithstanding the above, there were a small number of zenkeri individuals which were as dark as Bird 4 observed at IITA (above), for instance the upper individual in image 3 of the trays overviews above (males from southern Nigeria). It seems that variability in underpart colouration amongst this subspecies is not insignificant (perhaps related to soil type?).

One final factor not considered is potential accumulated fade in the plumage due to exposure to the light - though this should be insignificant as the specimens are of course kept in closed cupboards (Mark Adams, personal communication).

Considering the appearance of the malar stripes on the specimens, these were typically quite distinct and continuous on the zenkeri birds, as can be seen for example in this closer view of the zenkeri male:

Finally, looking in more detail at the breast spotting, it was apparent that the zenkeri race birds generally have much more diffuse and less distinct spots. The spots on gouldii and ansorgei were even more distinct on some other individuals than the "typical" individuals shown above (cf. also Gambian picture above), e.g. the following depicting gouldii and ansorgei birds respectively:

Conclusions

  • The Plain-backed Pipits seen at IITA, SW Nigeria, were almost certainly all the expected zenkeri race individuals
  • The main initial confusion factor was the range of underpart darkness exhibited in the field, varying between very light buff and a dark cinnamon-tinged buff, with light and dark birds paired (and the presence of presumed Long-legged Pipits at the same locality!)
  • This variation was confirmed by the skins study, though most of the collected birds were at the light end of the scale
  • The underpart coloration variation may be related to soil type, but more study would be required to determine if there is also some distributional cline in this feature
  • All gouldii and ansorgei race skins were very pale below, but they had more distinct breast-spotting
  • The lack of distinct breast-spotting on the zenkeri race birds, including those seen at IITA, seems to be usually diagnostic amongst these races
  • All three races can often show quite distinct malar stripes, and sometimes also dark moustachial stripes
  • Amongst the three races, differences in the upperpart darkness in the skins was similarly marginal, being in some cases inseparable to the eye
  • The West African races can therefore appear very similar to each other and it can be quite misleading to attempt subspecific ID based on underpart darkness alone

References

1. Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2001) "Birds of Western Africa", Helm Identification Guides, Christopher Helm, London, ISBN 0-7136-3959-8 [Amazon link]
2. Serle, W., Morel, G.J. & Hartwig, W. (1977) "A Field Guide to the Birds of West Africa", Collins Field Guide, Harper Collins Publishers, London, ISBN 0-00-219204-7 [Amazon link]
3. del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (2004) "Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails", Lynx Edicions. ISBN: 8487334695 [NHBS link]

Movies section

These are brief mpeg movies of the IITA birds. Respective file sizes are indicated.

Plain-backed Pipit (Bird 1 and 2) (1, 2, 1, 2 MB)

Movie 1a, 1bc, 1d; 2

Long-legged Pipit (Birds 1 and 2) (0.4, 0.6, 1.6, 0.8 MB)

Movie 1; 2a, 2b, 2c

I'd welcome any further comments or advice on the identification of these birds - please send me a mail at lothianrecorder@the-soc.org.uk. In particular, there may be other literature which I'm not aware of (my references were confined to those listed above).

Rev. Dr. William Serle O.B.E. (1912-1992)



Images copyright (c) Natural History Museum, London

Dr. William Serle made a great contribution to ornithological knowledge, and that of West Africa in particular. Born in Duddingston Manse, Edinburgh on 29 July 1912 he attended George Watson's Boys College before studying medicine at Edinburgh University. His interest in birds followed that of his father who he accompanied on early ornithological trips.

From his father's literature, Dr. Serle realised the great potential for further ornithological research in West Africa. Following his graduation in 1936 he joined the Colonial Medical Service and sailed for Lagos, Nigeria, in 1937.

For the next 20 years, Serle made extensive collections in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, British Cameroon and parts of East Africa. He made 60 publications on status, distribution, breeding and taxonomy. He is credited with the descriptions of 18 new avian taxa, including the rare Mount Kupe Bush Shrike (Malaconotus kupeensios).

During the war he served with the West African Field Ambulance Corps, travelling to India and Burma. He was awarded the O.B.E. in 1946 for his outstanding army service.

Following his marriage in 1956 he felt called to train for the ministry and was ordained and inducted to Drumoak, near Banchory in Kincardineshire, Scotland in 1959, where he remained until his retirement in 1987.

Later he donated the bulk of his skins collections to the Natural History Museum in Tring and his egg collection to the National Museums of Scotland.

Reference

Obituary - Dr William Serle O.B.E, by R.Y McGowan, Department of Natural History, Royal Museum of Scotland, Scottish Birds (1993) vol. 17, pp. 66-67

Personal note

It was only when I obtained a copy of Collin's "A Field Guide to the Birds of West Africa" (1977), prior to our trip to Nigeria, that I realised that the author was one and the same as the Church of Scotland minister and naturalist of Drumoak just east of the town of Banchory where I grew up. My father knew him and I might even have seen him myself! So it was quite fascinating to go through the Plain-backed Pipits trays at the Natural History Museum in Tring seeing so many of his careful hand-written labels on the specimens, as illustrated above for a female Plain-backed Pipit collected on 6 August 1954 at Enugu! What a wonderful legacy...